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(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 1. R. S. JENNINGS.- METHOD OF AND DEVICE F OR ROASTING COFFEE No. 308,169. Patented Ndv. 18

8 (No Model.) 2 Snees-Sheet 2. R. S. JENNINGS. V METHOD OF AND DEVICE FOR ROASTING COFFEE. No. 308,169.

Patented Nov. 18, 1884.

17M. m w

RALPH s. .nrnnrncs, or sosron, M'ASsACHUSETTS.

-.iViETHQD @FANQ DEVlCE FUR GQFFEE -RGASTHQQ.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 308,169, dated November 18, 1884-.

Application fileil September 19, I883. (1E0 mmieh) To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, RALPH S. J'nnninos, a citizen of the United States, residing at Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of and Devices forRcasting Cofi'ee,&c., of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a portion of a building in section, having my improved apparatus situated therein, Fig l 2 is a top plan view of a.

' ortion of then )arst-us shown in Fi 1. Fi

p a b 8 is a sldeelevation a rooster adapted to be operated by hand. hig. 4: is a verticsliongitudinal section of the devices in Fig.-

Fig. 5 is an end view of the parts in Fig. i. 6 shows detached a port-ion oi" the pipes for the suporheating steam. Fig. 7 is a cross section of the steam-pipe and its pnckin Fig. 8 is ascction of a form of roaster differing somewhat from that in Fig. i, it having means for discharging coffee without removing the roaster from the casing. Fig. 9 is an end. view of the roaster shown in Fig. 8.

Referring to Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, A A represer an outer steam tight drum or easing,

, preferably n ede of two cast pieces, eachhavmg a semi-cylindrical port, mend it flange, c, extending arounfi it. The flanges a a may be bolted or otherwise attached together, so that there shall be inoiosed between the ports a a 2i substantially continuous cylinder. This casing is stationary, and may he n ountecl in any suitable way, it being shown in Fig. 3 as mounted upon the simple frame 3.

By having a stationery casing around the receptacic or hoicier the steam-duct can be in hi'OdllCti very easily, and there is no necessity of making-hollow journals or to admit the steam; and, moreover, a series of two or .inore branch or supplement-oi pipes can be employed inside of the casing, and these can used to any extent around the inside. "iiithin this casing is mounted a rotating vessel; 1, in which the coffee is placed which is to he roasted, there being any suitable sliding or hinged door either in the side wall of the vessel or in one of the ends. At the enls it may be niountedin an suitable l-h shown it as being mounted at oneend by means of a holiow trunnion, c, fittingin bearings provided in the end fianges,a a,of theparts A A of the outer-casino. At the other end the yes sel C is-niountcd in similar bearings, c a, by means of a shaft, 1). This shaft may be solid,

as shown, though I do not wish to be limited secured thereto by means of a bayonet ioint,

the part E carrying a plz, 6, and the trunnion 0 being provided with an L shaped slot, as shown at 0, hi g. 3. Any suitable handle may he provided to permit the tube to be with .tlrawn for the purposeof testing the degr ee LO which the matcriai been roasted.

G represents a steam. pipe which passe.

through one end of the part A. of the outside] casing, and which communicates with u superheater. Inside of the casing the pipe G, by means of suitable elbows, g, communicates with severai'breneh steainpipes, g, properly situateri under-the vessel C, and from which the steam comes into contact with the oontent-s of thevessel.

Referring now to higsl unit 2, it will be seen that the pipe G passes down through the several floors of the builclingto the basement or cellar, where it is connected with superheater at H. This may be made in any pre ferred way. To the superheatcr the steam is conveyed from a boiler, I, which a so may be of any preferred kind.

At the outer endtheshaft Dis Heretofore in houses where the roosting oi coffee has been carried. on on a iargcsoale it" vention is to obviatethe' necessity of having fires at that point. By carrying the steam from the basement, (where one or more fur naees art generally eniployei) the additional danger from lire in ooifee-honsis is avoider'i.

x necessary, that portion of the steamduct land also that it has been employed in cleaning which is beyond and above the superheater may be covered with asbestus, as at y, Fig. 7, or other non-conducting packing, whereby the dissemination and loss of heat therefrom can be prevented. The steam is heated until it is made thoroughly dry, and is raised to a high sufficiently near, to the casing to prevent they degree of temperature and pressure. By the use of it the escape of any of the aroma and desirable qualities of the coffee is avoided.

,The roasting being done under pressure, the gaseous'and vaporous ingredients, which are generally driven off, are prevented from escaping, and are retained in the berry, so that by following this process an article of very superior quality is obtained. If it is found necessary, the pressure of steam within the roaster may be reduced, and more or less of it withdrawn by means of any suitable devices. I

As shownin Figs. 1 and 2, several outside casings may be secured together-that is to say, several of the lower parts, Al, of the outer casings may be cast in one piece. and the corresponding parts,A,can be secured thereto. In this case the revolving receptacles O are driven by power from a shaft by pulleys and belts or gearing. As shown in Fig. 2, each shaft is providedwith two pulleys, one being fast and the other loose, so that each roaster can be stopped independently of the others, either forfilling, emptying, or other purposes. The upper part, A, of the casing may be clamped in place against the lower one by means of any of the ordinary devices of the nature of clamps used for such purposes, and, if necessary, a rubber or other packing may be interposed between the parts a a, so that a perfectly steam-tight joint can be provided. Each branch pipe from the pipe G is provided with a valve or stop-cock, g, by which the entrance of steam can be shut off at any instant desired.

In Figs. 8 and 9 is shown a modified form of the roasting device. volving part 0 is open at one end, as shown in said figures, and the casing portion is provided with an' aperture, A, through which the coffee can be-discharged from the roaster. This aperture can be provided with a steamtight door, A", having clamping devices of any of the common forms for securing it in place. In this casethc outer casing may be, brought close to the end of the rotary part 0. As shown,..the casing is provided with a flange, A. The end of the rotary part 0 can be situated within this flange, and thus be brought material from interfering with the rotation.

Thewater of condensation which may'collcct in the bottom of the casing can be removed through an aperture in the bottom,

provided with a valve or stop-cock, as shown at D, Figs. 3 and 4.

I am aware of the fact that steam has been used for :the drying of lumber and for the cooking of oysters and other articles of food,

In this case the reand otherwise treating grain; and I do not broadly claim the use of steam either in its ordinary form or in a superheated condition forsuch purposes; but I am not aware of the fact that it has been used in a manner or ap-. plied by means of devices, of the character herein set forth and shown. Steam has been used to affect the surfaces of such articles as berries, of grai n, &c., for the purpose ofcleansing and drying them; but I do not belive it has been heretofore known that the particular article which I treat can be roasted or parched by means of the devices and agent which I employ in such way as to avoid many of. the disadvantages which have been hitherto incident to the treatment of the coffeeberry.

I am also aware of the fact that steam has been used for the purpose of affecting coffee which has been moistened and damaged during transportation, to impart thereto the appearance of good coffee, the treatment alluded to not being intended to effect the parching or roasting of the coffee. The steam was not used for the purpose at which I aim, nor in the manner which I follow.

I do not in this case claim the subject-mat ter herein described,*consisting in arranging the coffee in a mass or masses within astezimtight casing and delivering the superthe subjects matter of another application which I am about to file.

\Vhat I claim is- 1. The hereindescribcd process of roasting coffee, which consists in subjecting it to the action of superheated steam brought into direct contact with the coffee, and generated from moisture independent of that found in the coffee, the action of the steam being continned until the berries have been parched, substantially as set forth.

2. Theherein-described process of roasting coffee, consisting in subjecting the coffee, while inclosed in a tight casing, to the action of superheated steam brought into direct contact therewith and generated from moisture independent of that found in the coffee, substantially as set forth.

ICC

IIO

3. The herein-described process of roasting coffee, consisting in subjecting it-whilc beingagitated in a tight casing to the action of superheated steam generated from moisture independent of that in the coffee, and brought into direct contact with the'coffee, substantially as set forth. v

4. In a device for roasting coffee, the combination of a movable receptacle which holds the material and wherein it is agitated, the

steam-duct G, which delivers the steam directly into contact with the coffee, a superheater, H, for the steam, and a boiler, I, substantially as set forth.

5. In a device for roasting coifee, the comsurrounds the coffee holding and agitating bination of the rotating receptacle or holder, 1neans,and steam-pipe which enters the enter the tight easing around the holder the steamtight stationary casing and is indepemlent of pipe which enters thetightcasiii' g, and is prothe supports for the coiTee-holder, substan- 5 vided, with escape-apertures for the steam, tiaily as set forth. i

and a boiler independent of the coit'eeholih- In testimony whereof lailix my signature in er, which supplies said steam-pipe with steam, presence of two witnesses.

substantially as setforth. 11A Llll S. J EXXIXUS.

'6. In a device for roasting coffee, the cmn- \\"itnesses:

r0 .bination of the means for holding and agitat- WM. IL HEARS, ingthecOft'ee, a tight stationary easing which G. II. Gitnian r. 

